[百科]“我有一个梦想！”是的，就是马丁·路德·金
来源：www.wdtwd.com 作者：沃得天下 时间：2018-01-15
是的，他就是马丁·路德·金！他的“我有一个梦想”的演讲，至今犹在耳畔！
今天这个日子，是为他而设！
我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：“我们认为真理是不言而喻，人人生而平等。”
我梦想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟情谊。
我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹，压迫成风，如同沙漠般的地方，也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。
我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。
今天，我有一个梦想。我梦想有一天，亚拉巴马州能够有所转变，尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议，反对联邦法令，但有朝一日，那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，携手并进。
今天，我有一个梦想。
我梦想有一天，幽谷上升，高山下降；坎坷曲折之路成坦途，圣光披露，满照人间。（节选）
生于1929年，美国著名民权运动领袖，其一生致力于以“非暴力”和“直接行动”方式谋求黑人平等权利。1963年8月28日，面对25万听众，马丁·路德·金在林肯纪念堂台阶上发表了著名演讲——“我有一个梦想”，其巨大影响力迫使国会在1964年通过《民权法案》，宣布种族隔离和歧视非法。同年，他获得诺贝尔和平奖。1968年4月，马丁·路德·金在孟菲斯市被刺杀，时年39岁。马丁·路德·金一生受到无数次恐吓，曾十次被人以各种各样方式监禁，多次入狱。
1986年起，美国政府将每年1月的第三个星期一定为马丁·路德·金全国纪念日。2011年8日28日，马丁·路德·金的纪念雕像在华盛顿国家广场揭幕。此前，只有华盛顿、林肯和罗斯福等美国历史上著名总统在国家广场有纪念塑像。马丁·路德·金是第一位以民权运动人士的身份被立雕像者。
Martin Luther King Day is a relatively new federal holiday and there are few long standing traditions. It is seen as a day to promote equal rights for all Americans, regardless of their background. Some educational establishments mark the day by teaching their pupils or students about the work of Martin Luther King and the struggle against racial segregation and racism. In recent years, federal legislation has encouraged Americans to give some of their time on this day as volunteers in citizen action groups.
Martin Luther King Day, also known as Martin Luther King’s birthday and Martin Luther King Jr Day, is combined with other days in different states. For example, it is combined with Civil Rights Day in Arizona and New Hampshire, while it is observed together with Human Rights Day in Idaho. It is also a day that is combined with Robert E. Lee’s birthday in some states. The day is known as Wyoming Equality Day in the state of Wyoming.
Public Life
Martin Luther King Day is a federal holiday, but has slightly different names in some states. Non-essential Government departments are closed, as are many corporations. Some schools and colleges close but others stay open and teach their students about the life and work of Martin Luther King.
Small companies, such as grocery stores and restaurants tend to be open, although a growing number are choosing to close on this day. Some compensate by opening on Washington's Birthday instead. Recent federal legislation encourages Americans to give some of their time on Martin Luther King Day as volunteers in citizen action groups. Public transit systems may or may not operate on their regular schedule.
在27个州和华盛顿特区很多年来1月15日都被视作法定假日，在1986年里根总统宣布1月的第三个星期一为联邦法定假日，以纪念马丁·路德·金博士的生日。学校、政府和联邦机构在这一天都不开放。星期一会有安静的追思仪式以及为追悼马丁·路德·金博士而举行的隆重的纪念仪式。在此之前的星期天，所有地区的牧师都会进行特殊布道，提醒每个人缅怀马丁·路德·金博士追求和平的一生。整个周末，知名的广播电台会播放一些讲述公民权利运动的歌曲和演说。电视台会播出特别节目，介绍马丁·路德·金博士的生平。
在马丁路德金日，也称（MLK日），放假的学生会被学校组织到校外参加公益活动。比如去为穷人提供饭菜，去黑人小学做大扫除等等。
Martin Luther King was an important civil rights activist. He was a leader in the movement to end racial segregation in the United States. His most famous address was the "I Have A Dream" speech. He was an advocate of non-violent protest and became the youngest man to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was assassinated in 1968.
In 1968, shortly after Martin Luther King died, a campaign was started for his birthday to become a holiday to honor him. After the first bill was introduced, trade unions lead the campaign for the federal holiday. It was endorsed in 1976. Following support from the musician Stevie Wonder with his single "Happy Birthday" and a petition with six million signatures, the bill became law in 1983. Martin Luther King Day was first observed in 1986, although it was not observed in all states until the year 2000. In 1990, the Wyoming legislature designated Martin Luther King Jr/Wyoming Equality Day as a legal holiday.
1963年8月28日，华盛顿，马丁·路德·金向支持者挥手。当天，他在林肯纪念堂前面对25万民众发表演讲：我有一个梦想。
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